Must-read safety knowledge before transporting hazardous chemicals

1. Five things to check before going on the road

       01 Whether the vehicle license plate is installed in good condition, whether the safety inspection mark and insurance mark are placed correctly, whether the driving license, road transport license, and road transport pass for highly toxic chemicals are complete and valid, and whether they are carried with the vehicle.

       02 Whether the configuration of safety devices such as vehicle marker lights, signboards, reflective signs, side and rear protection devices, and fire extinguishers are in good condition, and whether the satellite positioning device is working normally.

       03 Whether the safety systems such as braking, lighting and steering of the vehicle meet the operation requirements, whether the tire specifications are qualified, and whether the wear is normal.

       04 Whether the emergency cut-off device of the liquid dangerous goods transport tanker is installed in good condition and is in the closed state.

       05 Whether the driver's license, driver's and escort's qualification certificates and other documents are complete and valid, and whether they are carried with you.

       2. Five Attentions to Driving Safely

       01 Choose a reasonable driving route with good traffic conditions, stay away from towns and residential areas, and do not enter areas where dangerous goods transport vehicles are prohibited from passing. Vehicles transporting highly toxic chemicals must travel according to the time and route approved by the public security organs, and shall not be changed arbitrarily.

       02 Maintain a safe driving speed, under no circumstances should the driving speed exceed 80 kilometers per hour, and drive at low speed at night, in rain, fog, ice and snow and other low-visibility conditions.

       03 Keep a reasonable driving distance with the vehicle in front, and increase the distance in case of bad weather such as rain, fog, ice and snow.

       04 Do not change lanes arbitrarily while driving, and drive in the prescribed lane when driving on expressways.

       05 Drivers should keep their attention, stop and rest every 2 hours or so, and check the technical status of the vehicle in time to ensure that the emergency shut-off valve is closed.

       3. Five points for loading and unloading cargo

       01 Dangerous goods transportation companies, vehicles, drivers, escorts, and stevedores must obtain corresponding qualifications.

       02 The loading medium is consistent with the tank spraying medium and the vehicle road transport certificate.

       03 The loading of dangerous goods is well-balanced and fixed as a whole, so that one truck has one cargo, and different dangerous goods cannot be mixed and overloaded.

       04 After the dangerous goods are loaded, the name, shape, quantity, disposal method, and contact information of the enterprise must be recorded in writing and carried with the vehicle.

       05 After the liquid dangerous goods tanker is loaded, the emergency shut-off valve should be closed to ensure no damage and no leakage.

4. Three Requirements for Emergency Response

       01 In case of emergencies such as vehicle breakdowns, accidents, cargo leakage, etc., according to the different properties of the cargo, such as explosion, flammability, corrosion, toxicity, and radiation, the corresponding emergency response plans and operating procedures should be properly disposed of.

       02 If the vehicle obstructs traffic and is difficult to move, the hazard warning lights must be turned on according to the regulations. Warning signs should be set up 50 to 100 meters behind the vehicle on ordinary roads and 150 meters behind the vehicle on expressways. lamp.

       03 When it is impossible to dispose of it in advance, the vehicle should be parked in a place as open as possible, away from crowds and water sources, and report in time. The name, shape, quantity and leakage of dangerous goods should be detailed in the report, so that relevant departments can effectively deal with them in the first place.

If there is an accident with the hazardous chemical transport vehicle

What issues should be paid attention to in self-rescue escape?

nip in the bud

Be sure to pay attention to these details!

      01 Flammable and explosive, try to stay away from these things

       Common flammable and explosive items include flammable gases, petrochemical products, explosives and fireworks. Many flammable and explosive solids (such as ammonium nitrate, TNT, white phosphorus, etc.) may explode when they are hit and rubbed; some even come into contact with air, water, etc. Explosions are also possible and the storage medium (eg kerosene) is also flammable.

       When transporting such items, you should choose a time when the temperature is cool, pay attention to the temperature and pressure of the tank, and avoid heat and light; the driver should also be careful when following the car to prevent collisions; in case of an accident with such a vehicle, you must immediately Stay away from the scene.

       02 Gas and liquid leakage, pay attention to the correct escape direction

       Gases and liquids can flow. When leaking, the escape route should be selected according to whether it is flammable, toxic, soluble in water, etc., and combined with environmental factors.

When it is windy, the upwind direction is preferred. Toxic and flammable gases or their volatiles and toxic and flammable liquids leak. If there is wind on the scene, escape in the upwind (upwind) direction. Choose the vertical direction on the ramp. If the accident happened on the ramp, in addition to paying attention to the wind direction, the vertical direction of escape should also be selected according to the choice.

       Methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene, acetylene, etc. are lighter than air. In a windless environment, try to choose the downhill direction to escape. Benzene, chlorine gas, phosgene, etc. are heavier than air, so try to escape uphill in a windless environment.

       If the leakage is liquid or liquefied gas, you should choose a high place to escape. It should also be noted that the temperature of some liquefied gases is extremely low. When they leak, they will vaporize and absorb heat, and once they come into contact with them, they will cause severe frostbite; while liquid ammonia and liquid benzene are also toxic; liquid oxygen leakage will increase the probability of explosion.

       03 When encountering water changes, pay special attention to slippery roads in rainy days

       Many hazardous chemicals will undergo chemical or physical reactions when exposed to water, causing other dangers. Therefore, try to choose a high place for escape in rainy days or slippery roads. At the same time, try not to touch nearby water bodies, especially the road near the accident site. Standing water or falling rain.

       Ammonia, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide are all soluble in water, and can produce toxic or corrosive liquids when in contact with water. Solid metal sodium will generate flammable hydrogen gas and strong alkaline corrosive liquids when contacted with water. Evacuate quickly and pay attention to the direction of escape.

       When a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid leaks, it will release a lot of heat when it meets water, causing the liquid to boil and splash and hurt people; therefore, when concentrated sulfuric acid leaks in rainy days, you should quickly stay away from the leak site.

       04 Corrosive acid, be careful to inhale volatile gas

       Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid are well-known strong acids, and these corrosive acids are more than untouchable. Both hydrochloric acid and fuming concentrated sulfuric acid will volatilize corrosive steam and spread along the lower place. When evacuating, pay attention to the escape direction and protect the respiratory tract.

       In addition, the contact of nitric acid with some organic substances (such as fibers) may cause combustion, and the reaction with metals (such as highway guardrails are mostly made of metal) will produce flammable hydrogen gas. When evacuating, pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay attention to fire prevention.